The Hidden Health Risks of Alcohol: From Accidents to Chronic Conditions

Alcohol has long been a part of social life, celebrated in commercials and portrayed as a harmless way to unwind. But for many, the reality of drinking comes with risks that can be both sudden and long-term. In the emergency room and beyond, alcohol’s toll on the body is evident in various ways—from the immediate consequences of accidents and injuries to chronic health problems that can slowly and insidiously alter, and even end, lives. This blog post takes a closer look at the health risks of drinking, with insights from medical professionals and real-life stories of those affected.

Alcohol and Accidents: The Immediate Consequences

When it comes to alcohol, the most immediate risks are those that lead people to the emergency department (ED). Dr. Lou Mitchell, a consultant in emergency medicine, often witnesses the results of alcohol-related accidents. From falls to fights, the consequences of intoxication can be severe.

Many of the injuries seen in the ED are classified as “misadventure”—unintended consequences that occur during the course of normal activity, like a night out. Dr. Mitchell notes that one of the most common injuries related to alcohol is head trauma, which can result from falls or fights. Tragically, in some cases, alcohol is a contributing factor to life-changing brain injuries. Dr. Mitchell recalls a particularly harrowing shift one New Year's Day, involving three young men who sustained catastrophic brain injuries in three separate incidents - what they had in common was that all of the incidents after a night of heavy drinking. The long-term effects of their injuries are still felt by their families, and the outcomes serve as a reminder of how quickly fun can turn into disaster.

Beyond head injuries, alcohol is also responsible for other types of harm, such as broken bones from falls (broken ankles are common - it turns out that alcohol and high heels is not a good combinations!). And many of the patients in the Emergency Department are there because of alcohol-induced violent assaults. Sadly, alcohol frequently escalates violence, making it harder for individuals to control their actions and more likely for conflicts to become physical.

There’s also a risk of alcohol-related drownings. Dr. Mitchell, who works in a coastal area, often sees young people who, under the influence of alcohol, accidentally drown while swimming or engaging in other water-based activities. These incidents are tragic ends to what should have been a wonderful holiday.

Alcohol and Chronic Health Conditions: The Long-Term Risks

While the short-term effects of alcohol are easy to see in the form of accidents and injuries, its long-term impact is just as concerning. Over time, chronic alcohol use can lead to a variety of health issues that might not present themselves until the damage is severe.

One of the most common long-term health issues associated with alcohol is liver disease. Hazel Martin, a journalist, shared her shocking story in a recent BBC Panorama documentary about the rise in alcohol-related liver disease among young women. At the age of 32, Hazel was diagnosed with severe alcohol-related liver damage despite having never considered herself an alcoholic. Her story highlights a growing concern—many people, especially women, are unaware of how much damage moderate drinking can cause over time.

Hazel’s experience underscores how alcohol can silently damage the liver, often without noticeable symptoms until it’s too late. In her case, binge drinking—defined as consuming more than six units of alcohol in one sitting—was a significant factor in her liver disease. She considered that her drinking had been social and not problematic. But the reality is that 6 units equates to just two large glasses of wine or two pints of average-strength beer, and many people are regularly drinking well in excess of this in one evening. Despite the damage, Hazel was able to reverse some of the effects by stopping drinking for 10 months, showing that the liver has an incredible capacity for recovery if the damage is not too advanced.

However, once liver disease progresses to cirrhosis, where parts of the liver are permanently scarred, it becomes irreversible. The key to preventing such severe damage is early detection and lifestyle changes, such as cutting back on alcohol or, in some cases, quitting altogether.

Other Health Risks: Heart Disease, Mental Health, and Cancer

In addition to liver damage, alcohol also contributes to a host of other health issues, including heart disease, mental health problems, and cancer. Regular heavy drinking can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart attacks, and strokes. Alcohol also affects the brain, potentially leading to cognitive decline and conditions such as alcohol-related dementia.

A particularly concerning aspect of alcohol is its link to cancer. The World Health Organization has classified alcohol as a carcinogen, meaning it can directly contribute to the development of cancer. The most common cancers associated with alcohol use include breast cancer, liver cancer, bowel cancer and cancers of the mouth, neck and throat. In fact, alcohol can accelerate the growth of oestrogen-receptor cancers, including breast cancer, by mimicking oestrogen in the body. 

While some have historically argued that a small amount of alcohol—such as a glass of red wine—can be good for the heart, emerging evidence suggests otherwise. Studies show that there is no safe level of alcohol consumption when it comes to cancer risk and overall health.

Finding a Healthier Relationship with Alcohol

Despite these risks, the good news is that changing your relationship with alcohol is possible—and it doesn’t have to mean complete abstinence. For some, simply cutting back can have profound health benefits. Hazel Martin’s story is a powerful reminder that it’s never too late to take control of your health and reverse the damage caused by alcohol.

There are many people who have turned their lives around by addressing their alcohol consumption. For some, this means drinking less or setting limits on their drinking. For others, like Hazel, complete abstinence may be the most effective choice. The key is to take the first step and seek support when needed.

Whether it’s through a support group, coaching, or medical assistance, help is available. And the benefits of reducing or eliminating alcohol from your life can extend beyond physical health. People who make this change often experience improvements in mental health, productivity, and overall well-being.

Conclusion: A Journey Towards Better Health

While alcohol is often seen as a harmless part of social life, the reality is that it can cause significant harm, both in the short and long term. From accidents and injuries to chronic diseases like liver damage and cancer, the risks associated with alcohol are too important to ignore. But there is hope. Many people have found a healthier, happier life by making changes to their drinking habits, whether by cutting back or quitting entirely.

If you or someone you know is struggling with alcohol, remember that help is available. Taking the first step towards change can lead to a healthier, more fulfilling life.